I like hence sharing. This is for neuland however the narrative is applicable to all stocks particularly cyclic & semi-cyclic.
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Green energy revolution and digital revolution depend solely on rare earth elements, and bringing about these revolutions will not happen without a significant cost to environment and ecology. The other aspect is that China has a near monopoly on production and deposits of REEs.
This is a interesting paper by V. Balaram (National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad). Below are some points I noted from the paper.
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Rare earth elements (REE) include the lanthanide series elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) plus Sc and Y. Currently these metals have become very critical to several modern technologies ranging from cell phones and televisions to LED light bulbs and wind turbines.
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During the last three decades, there has been an explosion in the applications of REE and their alloys in several technology devices such as computer memory, DVDs, rechargeable batteries, autocatalytic converters, super magnets, mobile phones, LED lighting, superconductors, glass additives, fluorescent materials, phosphate binding agents, solar panels and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents. These metals are being consumed this way for a variety of applications at an unprecedented rate. Since they are extremely important ingredients in all high-technology gadgets, these elements are called “The Vitamins of Modern Industry”
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For example, Nd is extensively applied in super magnets for disk drives, Ce is critical ingredient in autocatalyts and all REE are used in making the flat-panel TVs. Several compounds of REE are in smart-batteries that power every electric vehicles and hybrid-electric vehicles. Because of their unique physical, chemical, magnetic, luminescent properties, these elements help to make many technological advantages such as performing at reduced energy consumption, greater efficiency, miniaturization, speed, durability and thermal stability. In recent years, their demand is particularly on rise in energy efficient gadgets (green technology) which are faster, lighter, smaller and more efficient. These technologies are even helping the analytical instruments to become smaller and more efficient
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China with one-third of world’s REE reserves, is still the world leader in REE exploration and production. Before REE mining boom in China, the US dominated the global market. Mountain Pass initiated operations in 1965 and was the leading producer worldwide for decades (Barakos, 2017). However, mining activities stopped in 1998, mainly due to the competition from China as well as in response to environmental issues in the surrounding area of Mountain Pass.
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India which account for about 5% of the world’s REE reserves, currently exploits its primary resource, monazite. Significant REE minerals found in India include ilmenite, sillimanite, garnet, zircon, monazite and rutile, collectively called Beach Sand Minerals (BSM). India has almost 35% of the world’s total beach sand mineral deposits.
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According to some recent studies, the REE reserves available across the world currently will be sufficient for our day-to-day needs only for <2500 years. Based on current demand, mining operations and technologies, with an expected increase in the population and technology needs, exploration of potential extraterrestrial REE resources is inevitable, with the Earth’s Moon being a logical first target, after all, the Moon was once part of the Earth and got ejected in the early history of the Solar System.
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In recent times, a revolutionary technology called SuperLig® molecular recognition technology (MRT) is being increasingly used to selectively separate and recover individual REE. MRT is a green chemistry method for metal separations at the molecular level utilizing nanochemistry principles.
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Strategic high-tech metals such as cobalt, lithium, PGE, hafnium, tantalum, gallium and especially REE are fundamental to the world currently for the development of efficient and high-tech and environment friendly products such as electric cars which require lithium and neodymium and wind turbines requiring neodymium and dysprosium. On one hand, the world is moving towards cleaner and greener future, it is becoming extremely difficult to meet the growing demand for the REE as most of the production is located only in few countries such as China, US, Australia and India although lots of research works are going on the replacements for REE in critical technologies such as super magnets.
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Fast emerging green technologies ranging from electric car batteries to solar panels to wind turbines, in addition to others where REE are widely being used together with price rise, are expected to drive tremendous growth and demand for these metals in near future. There is a greater need to intensify our search for REE resources not only on land but also in ocean bottom sediments. Deep sea mining would definitely be a feasible option in near future in addition to the development of cost-effective recovery of REE from abundant coal, coal ash and red mud. There is a great need for developing a sustainable exploitation schemes for all kinds of REE ore deposits and meticulously follow to prevent further damage to the environment as it will take a long time and cost a great deal of money to restore the environment and to ensure the sustainable development of the REE industry. Instead of opening new mining ventures, extraction of REE from coal fired ash, red-mud and electronic recycling schemes are considered promising options for near future REE supply. The wide-spread application of REE in different industries as well as agriculture is alarmingly increasing leading to a constant increase of the concentrations of these elements in the environment which would not only disturb the aquatic system but also the plant and soil ecosystem leading to number of human health issues.
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I know that experienced investors will find this as common knowledge, but for new investors who read this thread, I believe this will be helpful, hence sharing.
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Wonderful presentation by Ashish kila on cloning.
1646243575331_1646243464472_1646243452360_51946.attach.pdf (6.8 MB)
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few months old but good insights on market/investment by Madhu Kela
https://www.morningstar.in/posts/65596/6-insights-madhusudan-kela.aspx
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A very interesting and insightful deep dive into the business of Delhivery.
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From Kenneth Andrade - One of the great contra investors.
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Simplistic video explaining changing world order by Ray Dalio:
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Not the same situation, as it was 8 years ago, but the essence remains the same, as the person who says this is Buffett - a successful and experienced old man, who has witnessed it all for decades.
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Good video on good business vs investments.
The author compares good business (15% ROCE, growth rate etc) with their stock returns.
As per my opinion; the market is very efficient on data, hence stock pick via screen may not be efficient as the market knows it well in advance. Where the market is less efficient is to find turn around business well in advance. As per Sunil Singhania best return is generated when business turns good from bad, later when returns are in line when business remains good or from good to excellent.
Liked hence posting.
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The video discusses how middlemen are eating away major chunk of the music profits leaving little for artists and a potential web3 alternative to fix this incentive gap.
P.S. no offense to music industry investors.
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To understand the macro effect of Russia - Ukraine war
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Good Views as always :
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OpenAI - Good views
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